How to begin developing an assumption base? Examine each type of cost or expense individually. Each contains its own specific attributes, and those attributes dictate the assumption base. Telephone expenses, for example, vary with the number of people in your department, pending rate increases, changes in the system you use, or the number of long [...]

In business situations, we often confront moments in which information is used in questionable ways. There are so many possible interpretations of the same sets of raw data that any number of results could be possible. How do you know whether you’re interpreting information correctly? And how do you know whether you have the right [...]

These alternatives are also open, of course, to the other, more powerfully financed and organized enterprises; but for the moment, let us consider the small independent shopkeeper`s marketing problems. In a field of fast-repeating products, standardization -uniformity of brand-types within each product category- has encouraged the building up of chains and the consequent exercise of [...]